Tropical Rain Characteristics and Microphysics in a Three-Dimensional Cloud Model
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
A Minimal Three-Dimensional Tropical Cyclone Model
A minimal 3D numerical model designed for basic studies of tropical cyclone behavior is described. The model is formulated in s coordinates on an f or b plane and has three vertical levels, one characterizing a shallow boundary layer and the other two representing the upper and lower troposphere, respectively. It has three options for treating cumulus convection on the subgrid scale and a simpl...
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1. はじめに リアルな雲の動きの生成は,コンピュータグラフ ィックス (CG)分野で重要な研究テーマの一つであ る.しかし,従来研究では降雨を伴う雲 (雨雲 )の形 成は考慮されていない.雨雲は,積雲・積乱雲・乱 層雲などの総称であり,さまざまな気象要因により 生じる.熱帯では主に,強い上昇気流によって雨雲 が形成される.また,日本のような中緯度帯では, 前線などのように,温度分布に変化がある空間中を 大気が主に水平方向に通過することによって雲が形 成される.例えば,温暖前線では乱層雲などが雨を もたらし,降雨を経て軽くなった雲がさらに前線面 に沿って上昇することにより,高い高度に薄い雲が 生成される.これらの気象現象により,雲の密度分 布・大気中の水蒸気分布や雨滴の大きさの分布は変 化に富み,輪郭が明瞭なものから不明瞭なものまで, さまざまな雲が形成される.このように,降雨を伴 ...
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results of numerical simulation of intra-cloud electrification depend on a mechanism that determines the sign and magnitude of charge transferred to hydrometeors (including graupels and ice crystals), through their collision (mansell et al., 2005). some of the microphysical processes play an important role in the above mechanism. in order to estimate the amount and sign of the transmitted charg...
متن کاملAtmospheric Electricity and Cloud Microphysics
The terrestrial atmospheric electrical system covers a range of dimensional scales, from charged molecular clusters to convective cloud systems. Charge-exchange associated with thunderclouds leads to positive charge in the upper conductive regions of the atmosphere and a net negative charge on the planetary surface. In non-thunderstorm regions, a vertical ionic current flows, replenishing the a...
متن کاملelectrical charge transfer modeling (lightning) in cloud and its implementation in a one-dimensional prognostic cloud model
one of the most dazzling events in the atmosphere is lightning. during updrafts in the life cycle of cumulus clouds, collision of graupels and ice crystals in the presence of liquid water results in vertical separation of electrical charges and lightning. there are four types of lightening depending on the location of discharge. the first type is cloud-to-ground lightning or fork lightning that...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
سال: 2004
ISSN: 1520-0469,0022-4928
DOI: 10.1175/jas-3294.1