Type III Secretion Effectors with Arginine N-Glycosyltransferase Activity

Yersinia type III secretion: send in the effectors

Pathogenic Yersinia spp ( Yersinia pestis , Yersinia pseudotuberculosis , and Yersinia enterocolitica ) have evolved an exquisite method for delivering powerful effectors into cells of the host immune system where they inhibit signaling cascades and block the cells’ response to infection. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of this system has provided insight into the processes of phagocytos...

Translocation of surface-localized effectors in type III secretion.

Pathogenic Yersinia species suppress the host immune response by using a plasmid-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS) to translocate virulence proteins into the cytosol of the target cells. T3SS-dependent protein translocation is believed to occur in one step from the bacterial cytosol to the target-cell cytoplasm through a conduit created by the T3SS upon target cell contact. Here, we repo...

Pseudomonas type-III effectors

Type III effectors in action

The way proteins are translocated across the peroxisomal membrane is poorly understood. Though the existence of transient pores in the membrane had been proposed, their identification had remained elusive until now. In a new study, Erdmann and colleagues tagged peroxisomal matrix protein receptor Pex5p and isolated three Pex5p-containing complexes from yeast peroxisomal membranes. These three c...

Marker for type VI secretion system effectors.

Bacteria use diverse mechanisms to kill, manipulate, and compete with other cells. The recently discovered type VI secretion system (T6SS) is widespread in bacterial pathogens and used to deliver virulence effector proteins into target cells. Using comparative proteomics, we identified two previously unidentified T6SS effectors that contained a conserved motif. Bioinformatic analyses revealed t...