Unpacking dynamics of diverse nested resource systems through a diagnostic approach

Abstract The social–ecological systems (SES) framework (Ostrom 2009, Science. 325(5939):419–22) typologically decomposes SES characteristics into nested, tiered constituent variables. Yet, aligning the framework’s concepts of resource system (RS) and unit (RU) with realities individual case studies poses challenges if underlying is not a single RS, but mid to large-scale nested RS (NRS). Using diagnostic approach, we describe NRSs—and activities networks adjacent action situations (NAAS) containing them. An NRS includes larger multiple interlinked semi-autonomous subsidiary RSs, each which support simultaneous, differently managed appropriation RUs. We further identify NAASs operating within NRSs in two diverse empirical cases—networks lake Bengaluru, India German wheat breeding systems—representing lever towards understanding transformation SESs sustainable futures. This paper contributes unpacking diagnosing complexities RSs their governance. It provides generalizable, rigorous approach study analyses, thereby advancing methods for synthesis sustainability science.