Utilization of sodium carbonate activator in strain-hardening ultra-high-performance geopolymer concrete (SH-UHPGC)

In this study, strain-hardening ultra-high-performance geopolymer concrete (SH-UHPGC) was produced using Na 2 CO 3 , SiO and their hybridization (1:1 in mole ratio) as alkaline activators. An ultra-high compressive strength achieved for all the developed (i.e., over 130 MPa). Strain-hardening with hybrid activators showed highest (186.0 MPa), tensile strain capacity (0.44%), (11.9 It should be highlighted that very significant multiple cracking can observed even at a low level (e.g., 0.1%). According to reaction heat, microstructures, chemical composition analyses, had degree, while of -based lowest. found best sustainability, presented overall performance (considering mechanical performance, energy consumption, environmental impact, economical potential). The findings work provide useful knowledge improving sustainability economic potential materials.