Validation of Antibacterial Systems for Sustainable Ceramic Tiles

Ceramic tiles are bacteriostatic materials; however, the COVID-19 emergency has pushed tile producers to improve surfaces’ antibacterial properties. The aim of this work was validate a silver-based treatment applied porcelain stoneware based on natural and waste materials, thus correlating surface functionalization composition relevant physical, microstructural, textural parameters. before firing, with without polymeric primer. Antibacterial activity tests, stain resistance contact angle measurements were carried out fired tiles. Further investigations made by SEM optical profilometry in order study morphological–structural profile surfaces. Results showed strong activities for all functionalized tiles, which mainly correlated morphological parameters ceramic surfaces, as well presence