Viral, bacterial, and fungal contamination of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs)
نویسندگان
چکیده
1. ATM Industry Association: Global installed base to reach 4M by 2021. https://www.atmia.com/news/glo... (access: 2022.07.20). Google Scholar
منابع مشابه
Bacterial Contamination and Public Health Risk Associated with the Use of Banks’ Automated Teller Machines (Atms) in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Contamination of environmental objects and surfaces is a common phenomenon. Human beings have a marked tendency to pick up microorganisms from environmental objects, and specially the hand has been shown to play a role in the transmission of organisms. The ATM machine is likely to be contaminated with various microorganisms due to their vast contact by multiple users. This study was aimed to in...
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Public services should be equally accessible to all users. Conversely, service users vary individually in terms of physical ability and experience in using the services. These individual differences have been a cause of a growing digital divide. The recent progress made in information technology has also provided more job and learning opportunities for those with disabilities, thus enhancing th...
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Abstract Background and Objective: Automated Teller Machine (ATMs) is likely to be contaminated with various microorganisms specially pathogen germs. This may be due to their exposure to dust and their vast dermal contact with multiple users. This study investigated the bacterial contamination on the keyboard of ATMs and drug resistance of the bacteria isolated from them. Material and M...
متن کاملSecure Bio-Cryptographic Authentication System for Cardless Automated Teller Machines
Security is a vital issue in the usage of Automated Teller Machine (ATM) for cash, cashless and many off the counter banking transactions. Weaknesses in the use of ATM machine could not only lead to loss of customer’s data confidentiality and integrity but also breach in the verification of user’s authentication. Several challenges are associated with the use of ATM smart card such as: card clo...
متن کاملImmunising Automated Teller Machines
This paper presents an immune-inspired adaptable error detection (AED) framework for Automated Teller Machines (ATMs). This framework two levels, one level is local to a single ATM, while the other is a network-wide adaptable error detection. It employs ideas from vaccination, and adaptability analogies of the immune system. For discriminating between normal and erroneous states, an immune insp...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['1232-1966', '1898-2263']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/152838