Visual discrimination of aromatic acid substitution patterns by supramolecular nanocooperativity

Patterns of nucleotide and amino acid substitution

So I’ve just suggested that the neutral theory of molecular evolution explains quite a bit, but it also ignores quite a bit. The derivations we did assumed that all substitutions are equally likely to occur, because they are selectively neutral. That isn’t plausible. We need look no further than sickle cell anemia to see an example of a protein polymorphism in which a single amino acid differen...

Patterns of nucleotide and amino acid substitution

So I’ve just suggested that the neutral theory of molecular evolution explains quite a bit, but it also ignores quite a bit. The derivations we did assumed that all substitutions are equally likely to occur, because they are selectively neutral. That isn’t plausible. We need look no further than sickle cell anemia to see an example of a protein polymorphism in which a single amino acid differen...

TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE CATALYZED AROMATIC ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION OF 2-HYDROXYACETOPHENONE MEDIATED BY VINYLTRIPHENYLPHOSPHONIUM CATION

Protonation of the highly reactive 1:l intermediate produced in the reaction between triphenylphosphine and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate by 2- hydroxyacetophenone leads to vinyltriphenylphosphonium salt, which undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction with the conjugate base to produce compounds 4,5, and 6 in 1 : 1.2:0.5 ratios

Influence of aromatic substitution patterns on azo dye degradability by Streptomyces spp. and Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

Twenty-two azo dyes were used to study the influence of substituents on azo dye biodegradability and to explore the possibility of enhancing the biodegradabilities of azo dyes without affecting their properties as dyes by changing their chemical structures. Streptomyces spp. and Phanerochaete chrysosporium were used in the study. None of the actinomycetes (Streptomyces rochei A10, Streptomyces ...

Modern Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution