Water waves generated by moving atmospheric pressure: theoretical analyses with applications to the 2022 Tonga event

Both one-dimensional in the horizontal direction (1DH, dispersive and non-dispersive) two-dimensional (2DH) axisymmetric (approximate, analytical solutions are derived for water waves generated by moving atmospheric pressures. For 1DH, three wave components can be identified: locked propagating with speed of pressure, $C_p$ , two free opposite directions respective celerity, according to linear frequency dispersion relationship. Under supercritical condition ( $C_p > C$ which is fastest celerity wave), leading has same sign (i.e. phase) as while trailing sign. subcritical $C >C_p$ ) component leads, its surface elevation pressure. a long pressure disturbance, induced profile mimics that The 2DH problem involves an decaying radial $O(r^{-1/2})$ . Due symmetry, only components, free, appear. tsunami DART data captured during Tonga's volcanic eruption event analysed. Corrections necessary isolate data. Comparisons between corrected solutions, including arrival times waves, amplitude ratios, agreement order magnitude.