Forgetting to switch off SMAD2 in aneurysmal disease.

Modifications of chromatin dynamics control Smad2 pathway activation in aneurysmal smooth muscle cells.

RATIONALE The activation of the Smad2 signaling pathway is thought to play an important role in human aneurysmal diseases as described by an important body of research. We previously showed that constitutive Smad2 activation is associated with Smad2 mRNA overexpression in aneurysmal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which is dependent on epigenetic regulation of the SMAD2 promoter involving...

Anti-inflammatory effect of Yu-Ping-Feng-San via TGF-β1 signaling suppression in rat model of COPD

Objective(s): Yu-Ping-Feng-San (YPFS) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used for treatment of the diseases in respiratory systems, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) recognized as chronic inflammatory disease. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here we detected the factors involved in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/Smad2 si...

Modifications of Chromatin Dynamics Control the Smad2 Pathway Activation in Aneurysmal Smooth Muscle Cells

Smad2-dependent protease nexin-1 overexpression differentiates chronic aneurysms from acute dissections of human ascending aorta.

OBJECTIVE Tissue activation of proteolysis is involved in acute intramural rupture (dissections, acute ascending aortic dissection) and in progressive dilation (aneurysms, thoracic aneurysm of the ascending aorta) of human ascending aorta. The translational aim of this study was to characterize the regulation of antiproteolytic serpin expression in normal, aneurysmal, and dissecting aorta. AP...

Fully Distributed Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of an Improved Non-Uniform Traveling Wave Structure

Modeling and simulation of communication circuits at high frequency are important challenges ahead in the design and construction of these circuits. Knowing the fact that the lumped element model is not valid at high frequency, distributed analysis is presented based on active and passive transmission lines theory. In this paper, a lossy transmission line model of traveling wave switch (TWSW) i...