A Review on Community Acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus an Emerging Infectious Disease

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a community acquired infection in the past decade. Molecular studies showed that HCA-MRSA and CA-MRSA represent different organisms that produced different clinical syndromes .MRSA infection is associated with high morbidity, mortality, longer hospital stay and economic burden worldwide. All over the world, the dissemination of a few distinct clones of CA-MRSA has resulted in an increase in skin and soft tissue infections and necrotizing pneumonia, without defined risk factors. There has been link to fluroquinolone (FQ) exposure to epidemic CA-MRSA strains obtained from subjects with nasal colonization. Low socioeconomic status may be one common link among the identified high-risk groups, although many patients with CA-MRSA infections have no risk factor. CA-MRSA isolates are characterized by the presence of SCCmec type IV or type V. S.aureus clones ST30, ST80, CC75 and ST 93 has been documented in some countries. These clones are likely to provide insights into the emergence of methicillin resistant strains of S.aureus. CA-MRSA is readily disseminated in the hospitals and may cause outbreaks of infection .It is suggested that the use of the few effective antibiotic agent should be restricted .Despite these measures, the spread of this organism may not be contained.