Update on cardiorenal Syndrome: a clinical conundrum.

Our understanding of the cardiorenal syndrome continues to progress. Decades of research have led to a better definition of the clinical cardiorenal syndrome and have laid the groundwork for understanding its pathophysiology. Although improvements have been made, there are still knowledge gaps concerning the interactions of these two organ systems. In the present review, we examine those interactions in the setting of acute and chronic cardiac decompensation and the resulting impacts on renal dysfunction. Recognition and prevention of this syndrome may help to better serve a growing patient population.