Functions of Adult Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells in Brain Injury and Repair*

Oligodendrocytes populate the nervous system in great numbers, and are vital to the protection of neurons due to their role in myelin production. Previously unrecognized as a unique cell type, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) have now been identified via their expression of a specific marker antigen, NG2. In the following discussion, the characteristics of OPCs are elucidated within the context of research on how new myelin is produced within damaged and demyelinated areas of rodent brains as well as axon regeneration in areas of spinal cord damage. Identifying the specific role of OPCs in remyelination and in regrowth of axons through glial scar tissue are key processes in achieving a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis and other brain disorders. (Adv Stud Med. 2005;5(4D):S392-S396)