The Contribution of Open Archives Initiatives and Institutional Repositories to the Advancement of Knowledge

INTRODUCTION The Budapest Open Access Initiative (http://www.soros.org/openaccess) laid down recommendations for freeing the world’s scholarly reviewed literature through both Open Access Publishing (OAP) and Open Access Archiving (OAA). With OAP, the emphasis is on transferring the cost from the readers to the producers , either through author-fee or other alternative revenue streams. With OAA, already published papers (as well as preprints) are archived, simultaneously or subsequently to conventional publication, in institutional archives that are interoperable.