Calmodulin Inhibition of E2A Differentiation into Plasma Cells by Initiation of Antigen Receptor-Dependent

E2A Receptors through Calmodulin Inhibition of Negative Feedback Regulation of Antigen

Activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II following bovine rotavirus enterotoxin NSP4 expression

Objective(s): The rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) is responsible for the increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration through a phospholipase C-dependent and phospholipase C-independent pathways in infected cells. It is shown that increasing of intracellular calcium concentration in rotavirus infected cells is associated with the activation of some members of protein kinases family su...

B-cell receptor activation inhibits AID expression through calmodulin inhibition of E-proteins.

Upon encountering antigens, B-lymphocytes can adapt to produce a highly specific and potent antibody response. Somatic hypermutation, which introduces point mutations in the variable regions of antibody genes, can increase the affinity for antigen, and antibody effector functions can be altered by class switch recombination (CSR), which changes the expressed constant region exons. Activation-in...

Nogo receptor blockade enhances subventricular zone’s stem cells proliferation and differentiation in demyelination context

Introduction: Nogo-A and Nogo receptor (NgR) are expressed in the subventricular zone (SVZ) stem cells. NgR plays critical inhibitory roles in axonal regeneration and remyelination. However, the role of NgR in SVZ niche behaviors in demyelination context is still uncertain. Here we investigated the effects of NgR inhibition on SVZ niche reaction in a local model of demyelination in adult mouse ...

Regulation of the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 by E2A and Id proteins.

The helix-loop-helix transcription factor E2A plays important roles not only in promoting cellular differentiation but also in suppressing cell growth. Id proteins, the inhibitors of E2A, have opposite effects on cell differentiation and growth. To understand the mechanisms by which E2A suppresses cell growth, we examined the role of E2A in regulating the expression of the cyclin-dependent kina...