Memories of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001: a study of the consistency and phenomenal characteristics of flashbulb memories.
نویسنده
چکیده
In this study, I investigated students' memories of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, carried out by Al Qaeda terrorists against the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Washington. Participants completed on two occasions (2 weeks and 8 months after the events took place) a memory questionnaire that included an assessment of the phenomenal richness of their memories. The results showed that the participants remembered very well the circumstances in which they first heard about the terrorist attacks, that they were very confident about this information, and that these memories were characterized by a high phenomenal richness. Over time, there was a decrease in all of these variables, but people's ratings of phenomenology and confidence were still very high.
منابع مشابه
How personal experience modulates the neural circuitry of memories of September 11.
Brown and Kulik [Brown R, Kulik J (1977) Cognition 5:73-99] introduced the term "flashbulb memory" to describe the recall of shocking, consequential events such as hearing news of a presidential assassination. They proposed that the vivid detail of such memories results from the action of a unique neural mechanism. In the present study of personal recollections of the terrorist attacks of Septe...
متن کاملLong - Term Memory for the Terrorist Attack of September 11 : Flashbulb Memories , Event Memories , and the Factors
More than 3,000 individuals from seven US cities reported on their memories of learning of the terrorist attacks of September 11, as well as details about the attack, one week, 11 months, and/or 35 months after the assault. Some studies of flashbulb memories examining long-term retention show slowing in the rate of forgetting after a year, whereas others demonstrate accelerated forgetting. The ...
متن کاملLong-term memory for the terrorist attack of September 11: flashbulb memories, event memories, and the factors that influence their retention.
More than 3,000 individuals from 7 U.S. cities reported on their memories of learning of the terrorist attacks of September 11, as well as details about the attack, 1 week, 11 months, and/or 35 months after the assault. Some studies of flashbulb memories examining long-term retention show slowing in the rate of forgetting after a year, whereas others demonstrate accelerated forgetting. This art...
متن کاملConsistency of flashbulb memories of September 11 over long delays: Implications for consolidation and wrong time slice hypotheses
0749-596X/$ see front matter 2009 Elsevier Inc doi:10.1016/j.jml.2009.07.004 * Corresponding author. Fax: +44 (0) 1707 28507 E-mail address: [email protected] (L. Kv 1 Present address: Inter-Research Science Cen Germany. The consistency of flashbulb memories over long delays provides a test of theories of memory for highly emotional events. This study used September 11, 2001 as the ta...
متن کاملUnexpected Positive Events Do Not Result in Flashbulb Memories
The study of flashbulb memories has typically been confined to negative events such as the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. Previous studies that investigated the role of affect on memory formation have produced conflicting results, making it difficult to ascertain the properties of positive flashbulb memories. In the current study, we employ previously established methods to investigate...
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عنوان ژورنال:
- The Spanish journal of psychology
دوره 9 1 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2006