Causation, bias and confounding: a hitchhiker's guide to the epidemiological galaxy. Part 1. Principles of causality in epidemiological research: time order, specification of the study base and specificity.

Causation, bias and confounding: a hitchhiker's guide to the epidemiological galaxy Part 2. Principles of causality in epidemiological research: confounding, effect modification and strength of association.

©FSRH J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 2008: 34(3) Scope of article In Part 1 of this series the following principles of causation were considered: time order, specification of the study base, and specificity (bias due to random misclassification and bias due to systematic misclassification).1 Part 2 will consider: 2a: Confounding 2b: Effect modification 2c: Strength of association. Part 3 conclu...

Causation, bias and confounding: a hitchhiker's guide to the epidemiological galaxy. Part 3: principles of causality in epidemiological research: statistical stability, dose- and duration-response effects, internal and external consistency, analogy and biological plausibility.

©FSRH J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 2008: 34(4) Scope of article In Part 1 of this review the following principles of causation were considered: time order, specification of the study base, specificity, bias due to random misclassification, and bias due to systematic misclassification.1 Part 2 continued with confounding, effect modification, and strength of association.2 Part 3 concludes the c...

Causation, bias and confounding: a hitchhiker's guide to the epidemiological galaxy. Introductory comments.

Five-Year Epidemiological Study and Estimation of Accidents Distribution in Construction Industry Workers in Yazd City by the Year 2011 by Applying Time Series Model

Background & Aims: Occupational accidents are known as one of the most important causes of disabilities and mortality in developed and developing countries. Construction industry is one of the most high risk occupations which its hazardous are not known completely. In addition to occupational accidents, construction workers are faced many diseases factors such as asbestos, silicon, fumes and no...

Epidemiological Profile and Incidence of Hip Fractures in Greece

Introduction: This study was designed to determine the epidemiological profile of hip fractures among Greek population with special importance to the cause of fracture, their characteristics, the treatment instituted and to assess the incidence. Methods: The current study conducted in a single hospital in the northern part of Greece, in the regional unit of Grevena, during the 2016 calendar ye...