Design considerations of form birefringent microstructures.

Design of two-dimensional polarization-selective diffractive optical elements with form-birefringent microstructures.

We describe a design methodology for synthesizing polarization-sensitive diffractive optical elements based on two-dimensional form-birefringent microstructures. Our technique yields a single binary element capable of producing independent phase transformations for horizontally and vertically polarized illumination. We designed two elements for operation at 10.6 microm and fabricated them in si...

Fabrication, modeling, and characterization of form-birefringent nanostructures.

A 490-nm-deep nanostructure with a period of 200 nm was fabricated in a GaAs substrate by use of electron-beam lithography and dry-etching techniques. The form birefringence of this microstructure was studied numerically with rigorous coupled-wave analysis and compared with experimental measurements at a wavelength of 920 nm. The numerically predicted phase retardation of 163.3± was found to be...

Secure Urban Design in Terms of Passive Defense Approach; Analytical Considerations for Improving Form-based Characteristics in Iranian Cities

Morphological Control of Polymer Spherulites via Manipulating Radial Lamellar Organization upon Evaporative Crystallization: A Mini Review

Various spherulites or spherulitic crystals are widely encountered in polymeric materials when crystallized from viscous melts or concentrated solutions. However, the microstructures and growth processes are quite complicated and remain unclear and, thus, the formation mechanisms are rather elusive. Here, diverse kinds of spherulitic growths and patterns of typical polyesters via evaporative cr...

Maker fringes revisited: second-harmonic generation from birefringent or absorbing materials

We present a new formulation of Maker fringes in parallel-surface films, using self-consistent boundary conditions for reflections and allowing for any degree of refractive-index dispersion. This treatment of the second-harmonic reflections and dispersion, unlike a number of previous derivations, leads correctly to the expected form for the effective second-harmonic d coefficients. Complete exp...