Avoiding Letter Patterns in Ternary Square-Free Words

نویسنده

  • Elena A. Petrova
چکیده

We consider special patterns of lengths 5 and 6 in a ternary alphabet. We show that some of them are unavoidable in square-free words and prove avoidability of the other ones. Proving the main results, we use Fibonacci words as codes of ternary words in some natural coding system and show that they can be decoded to squarefree words avoiding the required patterns. Furthermore, we estimate the minimal local (critical) exponents of square-free words with such avoidance properties.

برای دانلود رایگان متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

A Ternary Square-free Sequence Avoiding Factors Equivalent to $abcacba$

We solve a problem of Petrova, finalizing the classification of letter patterns avoidable by ternary square-free words; we show that there is a ternary square-free word avoiding letter pattern xyzxzyx. In fact, we • characterize all the (two-way) infinite ternary square-free words avoiding letter pattern xyzxzyx • characterize the lexicographically least (one-way) infinite ternary square-free w...

متن کامل

On the Entropy and Letter Frequencies of Ternary Square-Free Words

We enumerate all ternary length-` square-free words, which are words avoiding squares of words up to length `, for ` ≤ 24. We analyse the singular behaviour of the corresponding generating functions. This leads to new upper entropy bounds for ternary square-free words. We then consider ternary square-free words with fixed letter densities, thereby proving exponential growth for certain ensemble...

متن کامل

The minimal density of a letter in an infinite ternary square - free word is 0 . 2746

We study the minimal density of letters in infinite square-free words. First, we give some definitions of minimal density in infinite words and prove their equivalence. Further, we propose a method that allows to strongly reduce an exhaustive search for obtaining lower bounds for minimal density. Next, we develop a technique for constructing square-free morphisms with extremely small density fo...

متن کامل

Letter frequency in infinite repetition-free words

We estimate the extremal letter frequency in infinite words over a finite alphabet avoiding some repetitions. For ternary square-free words, we improve the bounds of Tarannikov on the minimal letter frequency, and prove that the maximal letter frequency is 255 653 . Kolpakov et al. have studied the function ρ such that ρ(x) is the minimal letter frequency in an infinite binary x-free word. In p...

متن کامل

Unequal letter frequencies in ternary square-free words

We consider the set S of triples (x, y, z) corresponding to the frequency of each alphabet letter in some infinite ternary square-free word (so x + y+ z = 1). We conjecture that this set is convex. We obtain bounds on S by with a generalization of our method to bound the extremal frequency of one letter. This method uses weights on the alphabet letters. Finally, we obtain positive results, that...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

عنوان ژورنال:
  • Electr. J. Comb.

دوره 23  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2016