Beam - Beam Interaction Working Group summary
نویسنده
چکیده
For a moment consider a single beam in a storage ring. Individual particle motions are linear at small amplitudes with tunes, optical functions, and, in the case of electrons, synchrotron radiation properties determined by the dipoles, quadrupoles, and RF system. At larger amplitudes, intentional and unintentional field ndinearities lead to amplitude dependent tunes, nonlinear resonances, and an effective or "dynamic" aperture. Beam induced wakefields modify distributions and cause instabilities and intensity limits. This is modified significantly by the beam-beam interaction which occurs when two beams are brought into collision. The electromagnetic fields at the collision point are strong and nonlinear. This changes the small amplitude motion and the amplitude dependence of the tunes, and introduces new, strong nonlinear resonances. New collective modes and instabilities mediated by the beam-beam interaction are possible, and, in addition, plasma effects absent with a single beam, could occur because of the focusing during the collision. There are pragmatic and commonly quoted approaches to the beam-beam interaction that are based on years of colliding beam operation and are strikingly simple compared to all this potential complexity. This experience is that: 1. The beam beam-beam interaction can be characterized by a single parameter, the beam-beam strength parameter 6 , defined in the Appendix.
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