Effect of dichloromethane fraction of Rhizophora mucronata on carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats

To evaluate the effect of dichloromethane fraction (DCM-F) of Rhizophora mucronata on noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats and find out the biological action using docking studies. Rats treated post orally DCM-F (100 mg/kg b.wt.) for forty-five days. Different biochemical profiles using blood sample, in addition, the levels of glycolytic enzymes in the liver tissues of animals estimated on completing the study, Then, high-performance liquid chromatography photodiode detector mass spectroscopy (HPLC-DAD-MS) used to identify the active compounds in DCM-F. Moreover, active molecules in DCM-F have docking with possible anti-diabetic targets. DCM-F treatment presented significant (p<0.01) decrease in blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), increased the body weight, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), plasma insulin and action of hexokinase when compared with untreated rats. Further, DCM-F treatment showed reduce acting serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ACP) and ALP as well as the intensity of creatinine and urea. HPLC-MS identified ajmalicine, catharanthine, colchicine, hyoscyamine, reserpine, and vindoline present in DCM-F. Docking simulation confirmed that ajmalicine interacted with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1(PTPN1) but catharanthine produced more affinity and binding energy with insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (IRTK). This study infers DCM-F of R. mucronata acts as a promising source of anti-diabetic drug development. Materials and methods Plant material During the January 2010, leaves of R. mucronata have collected from the brackish water regions of Tamil Nadu. The voucher specimen (#AUCASMB 11/2010) authenticated and deposited. After, cleaning the leaves, shade dried and coarsely powdered. Extraction and preparation of fractions About 1500 g of powder stuff extracted with light ligroin (3L) at 27oC for 24 h to remove wax and fatty substances. Followed by removing the solvent, the filtrate extracted with 1000 ml of ethanol (80%) up to 5 times at 27oC. Greenish-dark brown mass of ethanolic extract gained after removing the solvent. Then, hydrochloric acid (1N; 500 ml) used to acidify the residue after that neutralize with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Further, separated DCM-F used for experimental studies. Correspondence to: Gurudeeban Selvaraj, Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India, Tel: +91 84890 55578; E-mail: [email protected] Gurudeeban Selvaraj, Centre of Advanced Study in Marine, Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608, 502, Tamil Nadu, India, Tel: +91 84890 55578; E-mail: [email protected]