A Wayfinding Grammar Based on Reference System Transformations

Wayfinding models can be helpful in describing, understanding, and technologically supporting the processes involved in navigation. However, current models either lack a high degree of formalization, or they are not holistic and perceptually grounded, which impedes their use for cognitive engineering. In this paper, we propose a novel formalism that covers the core wayfinding processes, yet is modular in nature by allowing for open slots for those spatial cognitive processes that are modifiable, or not yet well understood. Our model is based on a formal grammar grounded in spatial reference systems and is both interpretable in terms of observable behavior and executable to allow for empirical testing as well as the simulation of wayfinding.