Development of Douglas-fir seedling root architecture in response to localized nutrient supply
نویسندگان
چکیده
Three months following sowing, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were transplanted into pots with controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) applied at rates of 0, 8, 16, and 24 g/2200 cm3 soil as a single uniform layer beneath the root system. Seedlings were destructively harvested periodically, and roots were divided into vertical segments above (S1), within (S2), and below (S3) the fertilizer layer. Two months following transplant, the number of active root tips was positively correlated with CRF rate in S1 and negatively correlated with rate in S2 and S3. At 6 months, root penetration into S3 was severely restricted at 16 and 24 g. This was attributed to detrimental changes in soil osmotic potential in S2. Fertilizer improved seedling growth at 8 g after 6 months compared with controls but was inhibitory at 24 g. Photochemical quantum yield was higher in all CRF treatments compared with controls 3 months following transplant, which corresponded with rapid initial CRF nutrient release. Despite improvements in nutrient release technology with CRF, high application rates may result in excessive concentrations of fertilizer nutrients in media, which can restrict root penetration and negatively affect seedling growth. Conservative application rates and improvements in CRF technology will help reduce the potential for adverse effects on seedling development. Résumé : Trois mois après l’ensemencement, des semis de douglas (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) ont été transplantés dans des pots avec un fertilisant à libération contrôlée (FLC) appliqué en une seule couche sous le système racinaire à des taux de 0, 8, 16 et 24 g/2200 cm3 de sol. Les semis ont été récoltés périodiquement de façon destructive et les racines ont été séparées en segments verticaux au-dessus (S1), dans (S2) et sous (S3) la couche de fertilisant. Deux mois après la transplantation, le nombre d’apex racinaires actifs était positivement corrélé avec le taux de FLC dans le segment S1 et négativement corrélé avec le taux dans les segments S2 et S3. Après 6 mois, la pénétration des racines dans le segment S3 était fortement limitée avec 16 et 24 g de fertilisant. Ce fait a été attribué aux changements préjudiciables du potentiel osmotique dans le segment S2. Le fertilisant a amélioré la croissance des semis à 8 g après 6 mois en comparaison des témoins mais avait un effet inhibiteur à 24 g. Le rendement quantique photochimique était plus élevé dans tous les traitements FLC comparativement aux témoins 3 mois après la transplantation, ce qui correspond à une libération initiale rapide des nutriments du FLC. Malgré les améliorations dans la technologie de libération des éléments nutritifs avec les FLC, de forts taux d’application peuvent entraîner des concentrations excessives de nutriments dans le medium, restreignant la pénétration des racines et affectant négativement la croissance des semis. Des taux d’application conservateurs et des améliorations dans la technologique des FLC aideront à réduire les effets potentiellement néfastes pour le développement des semis. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Jacobs et al. 125
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تاریخ انتشار 2002