The impact of altruism and envy on competitive behavior and satisfaction

Ž . This paper argues that it is important to include the other party’s payoff in a competitor’s utility satisfaction function. Ž . Examples of the impact are provided as well as implications for multi-stage games competitions . A sample of 200 provides empirical support for the critical role other party results play in satisfaction, in particular the importance of relative payoffs. Several implications emerge, including a parsimonious explanation for the exponential pattern of shares in mature markets. q 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.