Block Preconditioners for Stable Mixed Nodal and Edge finite element Representations of Incompressible Resistive MHD

The scalable iterative solution of strongly coupled three-dimensional incompressible resistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations is very challenging because disparate time scales arise from the electromagnetics, the hydrodynamics, as well as the coupling between these systems. This study considers a mixed finite element discretization of a dual saddle point formulation of the incompressible resistive MHD equations using a stable nodal (Q2/Q1) discretization for the hydrodynamics and a stable edge-node discretization of a reduced form of the Maxwell equations. This paper presents new approximate block factorization preconditioners for this system which reduce the system to approximate Schur complement systems that can be solved using algebraic multilevel methods. These preconditioners include a new augmentation-based approximation for the magnetic induction saddle point system as well as efficient approximations of the Schur complements that arise from the complex coupling between the Navier–Stokes equations and the Maxwell equations.