Tissue saturation measurement - exciting prospects, but standardisation and reference data still needed

Sepsis and shock result in disturbances in microcirculatory perfusion and tissue oxygen utilisation that may not be reflected in global measures of haemodynamics. Near-infrared spectroscopy enables measurement of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) and provides information on local microvascular and mitochondrial function. This measure could be incorporated with existing targets of goal-directed therapy to provide an integrated approach to haemodynamic resuscitation of both the macro- and microcirculation in various shock states. However, key methodological factors must be addressed before widespread clinical application.