Hvdc Based on Voltage Source Converter —a New Generation of Hvdc Technique
نویسنده
چکیده
人类对电的认识和应用以及电力科学的发展首 先是从直流电开始的。1882年,法国物理学家 M·得 彼列茨进行了历史上第一次直流输电试验,将 1.5kW 、1.5~2kV的直流电通过电报线路驱动 57km 外的水泵旋转 ,这次试验虽然线路功耗高达 78%,几乎没有使用价值,但它标志着高电压、 远距离大容量输电的崭新开始。这次试验由于具备 发电、输电和用电设备,所以也被认为是世界上第 一个电力系统。1954 年,第一座高压直流(HVDC) 输电工程投入工业化运行,它是从瑞典本土至果特 兰(Gotland)岛之间的一条 20MW、100kV 海底电 缆直流输电线,线路全长 96km。1972 年,加拿大伊 尔河(Eel River)HVDC输电工程正式投入使用,这 座 20MW 、2×80kV背靠背式 HVDC输电工程以首 次全部采用晶闸管阀而著称于世。到目前为止,全 世界共有 70 多个 HVDC输电工程,其中,大部分 电压等级超过 400kV,输送功率大于 1000MW 或线 路长度大于 600km。 19 世纪 80~90 年代,人类掌握了三相交流电路 原理,不久运行效率更高的交流电机和变压器问世。 1888 年,俄国科学家发明了三相交流系统。当时由 于交流电在发电、输电、配电和用电方面比直流电 更方便、经济且可靠性更高,所以应用范围逐步扩 大。20世纪 50年代初出现超高压交流输电后,交流 电的应用领域进一步扩大。
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تاریخ انتشار 2007