Persistent virus and addiction modules: an engine of symbiosis.

Persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in cattle herds

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a significant pathogen associated with gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive diseases of cattle worldwide. It causes continuous economic losses to the cattle industry primarily due to decreased reproductive performance. The ability of virus to cross the placenta during early pregnancy can result in the birth of persistently infected (PI) calves. P...

Growth and persistent infection of African horse-sickness virus in a mosquito cell line

An Ensemble Click Model for Web Document Ranking

Annually, web search engine providers spend more and more money on documents ranking in search engines result pages (SERP). Click models provide advantageous information for ranking documents in SERPs through modeling interactions among users and search engines. Here, three modules are employed to create a hybrid click model; the first module is a PGM-based click model, the second module in a d...

Search Engine-Crawler Symbiosis

Web crawlers have been used for nearly a decade as a search engine component to create and update large collections of documents. Typically the crawler and the rest of the search engine are not closely integrated. If the purpose of a search engine is to have as large a collection as possible to serve the general Web community, a close integration may not be necessary. However, if the search eng...

Genetic Studies of Lysogenicity in Escherichia Coli 1 Esther

R ECENT research on Escherichiu co& phages has outlined the biology of viruses that promptly lyse their bacterial hosts (DELBR~~CK 1950). In addition to the progressive parasitic relationship that these studies have analyzed, many phage-bacterium complexes persist in a more enduring symbiosis, lysogenicity. The experiments to be described in this paper were designed to probe two related questio...