Primary Extra Ovarian Dysgerminoma Associated with Endometriosis. Case Report

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent chronic common gynecological disorder in which endometrial tissue (glandular epithelium and stroma) is found at locations outside of the uterine cavity [1]. It affects 15% of women in childbearing age and 2-5% of postmenopausal women. Its incidence has been improving due to widely used laparoscopic operations. Although this disease is a benign condition, it has some malignant features, e.g. invasion of other tissues and organs, recurrence, appearance in distant locations. The etiology is not known, but the widely accepted mechanism is the adhesion and growth of endometrial fragments deposited into the peritoneal cavity via retrograde menstruation. [2]. In 1925, Sampson was the first to document a case of suspected malignant transformation of endometriosis. Since then, several studies have focused on the relationship between endometriosis and gynecological cancer, especially ovarian cancer. Data from large studies indicate that endometriosis patients have an approximately 3-fold significantly higher risk of endometrioid and clear cell ovarian cancer. All types of malignant tumors were described in ectopic endometriosis. The most frequent tumors are endometrioid tumors and endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) [3].