Robust Watermarking in Mid-Frequency Band in Transform Domain using Different Transforms with Full, Row and Column Version and Varying Embedding Energy

This paper proposes a watermarking technique using sinusoidal orthogonal transforms DCT, DST, Real Fourier transform and Sine-cosine transform and non-sinusoidal orthogonal transforms Walsh and Haar. These transforms are used in full, column and row version to embed the watermark and their performance is compared. Also using energy conservation property of transforms, different percentage of host image energy like 60%, 100% and 140% is maintained after embedding the watermark to observe the effect on robustness of proposed watermarking technique. Though for different types of attacks, different transforms are proved robust, Haar column transform followed by Haar row transform are observed to be best in terms of robustness. These are followed by Walsh column/row transform and DCT column and row transform.