The reach of a free hepatitis B vaccination programme: results of a Dutch study among drug users.

BACKGROUND The objective of the study was to explore the reach of an ongoing hepatitis B vaccination programme in terms of awareness of the programme among drug users (DUs), vaccination uptake and compliance, as well as to investigate reasons for non-participation. METHODS Ethnographic mapping and targeted sampling were used to recruit 309 DUs in three regions in the Netherlands. Results were based on univariate statistics (Chi-square and t-tests) and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Of the sample, 63% were aware of the free vaccine, and 44% said they had been vaccinated. DUs who visited drug consumption rooms were more likely to be aware of the programme than those who did not. Vaccination uptake was negatively associated with older age of onset of drug use. Uptake was positively associated with being informed personally about the free vaccination by drug service staff. A history of STD infection, and having sexual intercourse with casual partners were negatively associated with compliance with the vaccination schedule (receiving three vaccinations). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that marginalised DUs have been reached by the programme. Attention should be paid to those at risk of hepatitis B infection through sexual contacts, since they are less likely to be fully vaccinated. Most importantly, our results suggest that immediate vaccination on location after personal communication is one of the most effective ways to increase vaccination uptake.