CMOS Circuits and Systems for Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Applications

Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology allows the functional integration of sensors, signal conditioning, processing circuits and development of fully electronic integrated lab‐on‐a‐chip. On the other hand, lab‐on‐a‐chip is a technology which changed the traditional way by which biological samples are inspected and tested in laboratories. A lab‐on‐a‐chip consists of four main parts: sensing, actuation, readout circuit and microfluidic chamber. Lab‐on‐a‐chip gives the promise of many advantages including better and improved performance, reliability, portability and cost reduction. This chapter reviews the currently used lab‐on‐a‐chips based on CMOS technology. Also, this chapter presents and discusses the features of the existing CMOS based lab‐on‐a‐chips and their applications at the cell level.