Role of Ankle Brachial Index in the Diagnosis of Peripheral Arterial Disease

Background: Peripheral arterial disease is common in diabetics. Its early diagnosis is crucial to minimize the associated risks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of ankle brachial index in the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetics. Methods: A total of 150 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were divided into two groups of complicated and uncomplicated with 75 patients in each category. Blood pressure of both arms and ankles were recorded for calculation of ABI and blood samples collected for blood sugar and HbA1C on first day and after a night fast for blood sugar, cholesterol and triglycerides on another day. Height and weight were determined for calculation of body mass index. Results: Applying the ABI to both groups, 12 patients were diagnosed having PAD in uncomplicated group while 22 in complicated group with PAD. The numbers of patients in complicated group with PAD were almost double as that of uncomplicated group which signifies that patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with complications are more prone to develop PAD than those without complications. Conclusion: Ankle brachial index can be effectively used for detection and evaluation of PAD in primary care clinics to anticipate and reduce the risk of vascular events in future.