Hormonally Active Vitamin D3 (1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) Triggers Autophagy in Human Macrophages That Inhibits Hiv-1 Infection*

HORMONALLY ACTIVE VITAMIN D3 (1α,25-DIHYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL) TRIGGERS AUTOPHAGY IN HUMAN MACROPHAGES THAT INHIBITS HIV-1 INFECTION* Grant R. Campbell and Stephen A. Spector From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA and Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, CA 92123, USA Running title: Vitamin D3 inhibits HIV-1 through autophagy Address correspondence to: Stephen A. Spector, MD, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0672. Phone: 858-534-7055 Fax: 858-534-7411 E-mail: [email protected]