The Complexity of Local Proof Search in Linear Logic

Proof search in linear logic is known to be diicult: the provability of propositional linear logic formulas is undecidable. Even without the modalities, multiplicative-additive fragment of propositional linear logic, mall, is known to be pspace-complete, and the pure multiplicative fragment, mll, is known to be np-complete. However, this still leaves open the possibility that there might be proof search heuristics (perhaps involving randomiza-tion) that often lead to a proof if there is one, or always lead to something close to a proof. One approach to these problems is to study strategies for proof games. A class of linear logic proof games is developed, each with a numeric score that depends on the number of certain preferred axioms used in a complete or partial proof tree. Using recent techniques for proving lower bounds on optimization problems, the complexity of these games is analyzed for the fragment mll extended with additive constants and for the fragment mall. It is shown that no eecient heuristics exist unless there is an unexpected collapse in the complexity hierarchy.