From Global Earth Observation System of Systems (geoss) to Intelligent Earth Observing Satellite System (fieoss) for Its Social Benefit

This paper presents the deep understanding to Earth system, including its energy, agriculture, natural resources, ecosystems, geodynamics, and natural and human-induced hazards, atmosphere, weather, climate, water, oceans, land,. At present, researchers and developers have endeavored to develop the global earth observation system of systems (GEOSS) and web-based (future) intelligent earth observing system (FIEOS) in order to deeply understand such a complex Earth system for enhancing human health and safety, alleviating human suffering, e.g., poverty, environment pollution, and reducing disaster loses, e.g., life and property. The GEOSS would provide us with tools to make nationally and globally collaborative observation to our planet, while the envisioned FIEOS is a space-based architecture for the dynamic and comprehensive on-board integration of Earth observing sensors, data processors and communication systems. It aims to enable simultaneous, global measurements and timely analyses of the Earth’s environment for a variety of users. This paper presents the research on FIEOS with emphasis on event-driven earth observation as well as their connections to societal benefits for both decision-makers and the general public. With the envisioned FIEOS, this paper places an emphasis on (i) How to apply the FIEOS to increase the efficiency of monitoring natural disaster, to improve the natural disaster management, and to mitigate disasters through providing highly accurate, and reliable surveillance data for experts, analysts, and decision-makers; (ii) How to significantly increase and extend societal benefits to the future U.S. Earth observation application strategy in, for example, real-time response to timecritical events, and disastrous environmental monitoring.