Antipunishment effects of diazepam on two levels of suppression of schedule-induced drinking in rats.

Food-deprived Wistar rats were exposed to a fixed-time (FT) 60-s food delivery schedule until they developed schedule-induced drinking. Rats were matched in pairs according to their licking rates and were designated master or yoked at random. Every fifth lick by master rats was followed by an electric shock during two signalled 5-min periods, which ran concurrently with the food delivery schedule. For the master rats, shock intensities were adjusted to reduce licking to 5-30% (low suppression) or 50-75% (high suppression) of the unpunished licking rates. Yoked rats received the same shocks as master rats, but independently of their own licking. The drinking by yoked animals was not decreased by the presentation of these lick-independent shocks. Diazepam (0.3-10.0 mg/kg) was studied for its effects on punished and nonpunished schedule-induced drinking. Intermediate doses of the drug increased the punished behavior of master rats, but only when schedule-induced drinking was highly suppressed. Diazepam dose dependently decreased licking rates in all other conditions. The antipunishment effects of benzodiazepines may depend on the level of suppression of schedule-induced drinking, and this is in keeping with the results of other experimental preparations where behavior was under aversive control.