Recent Developments in Chronic Prostatitis and Pelvic Pain Syndrome

Chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a versatile, clinical condition, which poses challenges for both patients and clinicians. The aim of this review is to survey the literature for recent developments in the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of CP/CPPS. There are many theories regarding the development of CP/CPPS but they require further investigation. To check for chronic bacterial prostatitis, bacteria are cultured from expressed prostatic secretions whereas CP/CPPS is a bacterial condition. CP/CPPS commonly presents with voiding dysfunction, sexual dysfunction and pain in the pelvic region. Diagnosis is mainly based on clinical presentation. The use of questionnaires enhances conclusions and the assessment of quality of life. Treatment is often challenging and demands a multidisciplinary approach as the etiology may involve both biological and psychological factors. Medical therapy usually involves 4 to 6 weeks of antibiotics. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) and alpha-blockers are often being used in combination with innovative minimally invasive manipulations, physical therapy and psychological therapy. There is no known cure for CP/CPPS. Management of the symptoms is often a frustrating struggle for both patients and clinicians, requiring a great deal of patience.