A modified Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy with adaptive penalty function and restart for constrained optimization

In the last decades, a number of novel meta-heuristics and hybrid algorithms have been proposed to solve a great variety of optimization problems. Among these, constrained optimization problems are considered of particular interest in applications from many different domains. The presence of multiple constraints can make optimization problems particularly hard to solve, thus imposing the use of specific techniques to handle fitness landscapes which generally show complex properties. In this paper, we introduce a modified Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) specifically designed for solving constrained optimization problems. The proposed method makes use of the restart mechanism typical of most modern variants of CMA-ES, and handles constraints by means of an adaptive penalty function. This novel CMA-ES scheme presents competitive results on a broad set of benchmark functions and engineering problems, outperforming most state-of-the-art algorithms as for both efficiency and constraint handling. 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.