Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, Porphy- romonas gingivalis, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus and hepatitis A virus [6,8–11]. Although seroepi-

Background: Data on a link between HCV or HBV infection and the development of cardiovascular disease among HIV-negative and HIV-positive individuals are conflicting. We sought to investigate the association between HBV or HCV infection and myocardial infarction in HIVinfected individuals. Methods: The prospective observational database of the D:A:D collaboration of 11 cohorts of HIV-infected individuals, including 212 clinics in Europe, the United States and Australia was used. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to assess the effect of HCV or HBV infection on the development of myocardial infarction after adjustment for potential confounders, including cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes mellitus and exposure to antiretroviral therapy. Results: Of 33,347 individuals, 517 developed a myocardial infarction over 157,912 person-years, with an event rate of 3.3 events/1,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0–3.6). Event rates (95% CIs) per 1,000 person-years in those who were HCVseronegative and HCV-seropositive were 3.3 (3.0–3.7) and 2.7 (2.2–3.3), respectively, and for those who were HBV-seronegative, had inactive infection or had active infection were 3.2 (2.8–3.5), 4.2 (3.1–5.2) and 2.8 (1.8–3.9), respectively. After adjustment, there was no association between HCV seropositivity (rate ratio 0.86 [95% CI 0.62–1.19]), inactive HBV infection (rate ratio 1.07 [95% CI 0.79–1.43]) or active HBV infection (rate ratio 0.78 [95% CI 0.52–1.15]) and the development of myocardial infarction. Conclusions: We found no association between HBV or HCV coinfection and the development of myocardial infarction among HIV-infected individuals.