Hybrid Model for LTE Network-Assisted D2D Communications

In the evolution path towards the “Always-Connected” era and the trend for even more context-aware services, Device-to-Device communications (D2D) promise to be a key feature of the next-generation mobile networks. Despite remaining technical issues and uncertain business strategies, D2D-based services represent a new market opportunity for mobile operators that would manage to smoothly integrate these new technologies as a complement or even an efficient alternative to cellular communications. Existing research efforts on the integration of D2D technologies in cellular networks have mostly failed to meet user expectations for service simplicity and reliability along with operator requirements regarding lightweight deployment, control and manageability. This paper proposes a hybrid model for D2D communications assisted by mobile operators through the LTE network: it includes a lightweight D2D direct discovery phase and an optimized data communication establishment for proximity services. The proposed hybrid model is appraised against the existing solutions in literature and the current standardization effort on Proximity Services (ProSe) within the 3GPP.