Water quality model calibration under unknown demands

It has often been cited that a water distribution system (WDS) hydraulic model needs to be highly accurate before it may be used in combination with a water quality model (WQM) to simulate the dispersion and decay of a residual disinfectant. However, even a well-calibrated WDS hydraulic model may not have data relating to the specific water demands during a given period, which may impede WQM calibration. This study examines using ∗Research Student, Centre for Water Systems, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK, [email protected] †Senior Lecturer, Centre for Water Systems, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK, [email protected] ‡Senior Lecturer, Centre for Water Systems, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK, [email protected] §Co-director, Centre for Water Systems, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK, [email protected]