Nonrobustness of the two-dimensional turbulent inverse cascade.

The inverse energy cascade in two-dimensional Navier-Stokes turbulence is examined in the quasisteady regime, with small-scale, band-limited forcing at scale kf-1, with particular attention to the influence of forcing Reynolds number Re on the energy distribution at large scales. The strength of the inverse energy cascade, or fraction of energy input that is transferred to larger scales, increases monotonically toward unity with increasing Re proportional, variantkmax2kf2, where kmax is the maximum resolved wave number. Moreover, as Re increases beyond a critical value, for which a direct enstrophy cascade to small scales is first realized, the energy spectrum in the energy-cascading range steepens from a k-53 to k-2 dependence. The steepening is interpreted as the result of a greater tendency for coherent vortex formation in cases when forcing scales are adequately resolved. In spectral space, it is associated with nonlocality of the inverse energy transfer.