40 - 64 in Shahroud , Iran

نویسندگان

  • Mohammad Shoaib Hamrah
  • Md Harun-Or-Rashid
  • Tomoya Hirosawa
  • Junichi Sakamoto
  • Hassan Hashemi
  • Mohammad Shariati
  • Akbar Fotouhi
چکیده

to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers and chronic respiratory diseases (WHO, 2011). Smoking is known as one of the main risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (Ezzati et al., 2005; Norum, 2005; WHO, 2011; Eriksen et al., 2012). World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that about 6 million people die annually from smoking. If current mortality trends continue, it will rise to more than 8 million deaths per year by 2030 (WHO, 2011b). Such deaths are more prevalence in male (15%) than

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تاریخ انتشار 2013