بررسی سبب شناسی و تحول خودشیفتگی از منظر روان‌پویشی

The pathological narcissism is a style of personality that is characterized by a sense of extreme importance and competence, selfish attitude and behavior, lack of empathy, need for admiration and fragile self-esteem. The present study discussed how the narcissism phenomenon from the psychodynamic perspective and examined the psychodynamic explanatory model in the pathology and development of narcissistic. This research has tried to answer this research question with a review method, how does narcissism evolve from the psychodynamic point of view and what are the basic causes in narcissism etiology? In psychodynamic theories, narcissism is a phase of natural growth that transforms into outer love (other) in the later stages of development  and the child can love others. But in the pathological narcissism, the child returns to the secure love in order to overcome the fragile sense of the rejection (neglection). The narcissism in the psychodynamic perspective is known as selfishness due to its non-differentiation from the other. The psychodynamic approach offers the most comprehensive description and theoretical coverage in conceptualization, etiology and development of  narcissism with regard to the dimensions and types of narcissism. In general, the etiology of narcissism construct from the psychodynamic point of view emphasizes on the concepts of fragile self-esteem, the grandiose self-concept, defect in parenting styles and the lack of proper response of parents to the development needs of child in the early stages of growth, the return of love to the inner world and compensate for feelings of basic inferiority. Unstable and fragile self-esteem is an important factor in the development of narcissism. from a psychodynamic point of view, it is imposible, an narcissism person to develop  mask of  egoism and high self-esteem with defensive state but in a hollow and fragile way, to keep hidden underlying feelings. Also, narcissism can be associated with high or low levels of self-esteem. The self-love of an narcissism is premature and emotional, and it leads to the growth of a grandiose self-concept. with such a comprehensive conceptualization that is based on the etiology of narcissism phenomena, if the empirical support can be obtained, it can provide appropriate case formulation for intervention in reducing the problems of narcissism patients.