Designing a model‌ ‌of social loafing in working ‎groups; A study in the public sector of the Oil Refining and Distribution Industry

The purpose of this research was to design a model of social loafing in order to understand its dimensions, effective factors, and consequences in refining and distribution department of oil industry. The data collection was carried out through topic literature and semi-structured interviews with industry experts in the field of group activities by snowball method. Thematic Analysis method (combination) was used to analyze the collected data, then the data was coded and the communicative pattern of the discovered content was drawn as a model. The results showed 78 unique concepts which are presented in two dimensions (competitive loafing and adequacy loafing) for the phenomenon of social loafing, as well as five effective factors (work-related factors, individual factors, group status, organizational and managerial factors, and social factors) and five consequences (individual emotions, Individual performance, group performance, group atmosphere, and organization status).