مقاله

Human Virome

Razavi, Mohammad reza

چکیده(به انگلیسی؛ چکیده‌ی فارسی در دسترس نیست)

Viruses are dominant entities in the biosphere and parasitize all cellular life forms. The relative abundances of different classes of viruses are dramatically different between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In marine, soil and animal-associated environments, virus particles consistently outnumber cells by one to two orders of magnitude. It is estimated that 10 quintillion (1030) viral particles are inhabitants on our planet and in most ecosystems, there are 10 viruses per each bacterium. Viruses are major ecological and even geological agents that largly shape processes such as energy conversion in the biosphere and sediment formation in water bodies by killing off populations of abundant, ecologically important organisms such as cyanobacteria or eukaryotic algae. Like transposons, viruses and plasmids, parasitize all cellular organisms and they appear to encompass the bulk of the genetic diversity on earth. They are intrinsic to any evolving system of replicators, imply that virus-host coevolution had been the mode of the evolution of life ever since its origin. High-throughput sequencing technologies have revolutionized how we think about viruses. Investigators can now go beyond pathogenic viruses and have access to the thousands of viruses that inhabit our bodies without causing clinical symptoms. By studying their interactions among themselves, with other microbes, and with host genetics and immune systems, we can learn how they affect health and disease. This article reviews current knowledge of diversity of the human virome in physiologically healthy individuals. It focuses on current data from metagenomic studies and discusses the contribution of bacteriophages and eukaryotic viruses to human health.

اسناد مشابه

  • A Roadmap to the Human Virome

    سند علمی۲۰۱۳PLoS pathogensEric Delwart

    Low-cost DNA sequencing has greatly democratized genomics, especially for the typically very small genomes of viruses [1–3]. The recent acceleration in human virus discovery by metagenomics indicates that many viruses escaped prior detection due to limitations of preexisting tech

  • Challenges of Studying the Human Virome – Relevant Emerging Technologies

    مقاله‌ی دسترسی آزاد۲۰۲۱Trends in Microbiology['Mohammadali Khan Mirzaei', 'Jinling Xue', 'Rita Costa', 'Jinlong Ru', 'Sarah Schulz', 'Zofia E. Taranu', 'Li Deng', '']

    Shotgun sequencing bypasses the need for metabarcoding in viromics, although it is prone to high background noises and biases towards double-stranded DNA viruses.Protein-level assembly can be a better tool use on virome data as they predict more protein sequences from complex unk

  • Deciphering the Human Virome with Single-Virus Genomics and Metagenomics

    سند علمی۲۰۱۸VirusesMaria José de la Cruz Peña, Francisco Martinez-Hernandez, Inmaculada Garcia-Heredia, Mónica Lluesma Gomez

    Single-cell genomics has unveiled the metabolic potential of dominant microbes inhabiting different environments, including the human body. The lack of genomic information for predominant microbes of the human body, such as bacteriophages, hinders our ability to answer fundamenta

  • Temporal Response of the Human Virome to Immunosuppression and Antiviral Therapy

    سند علمی۲۰۱۳CellIwijn De Vlaminck, Kiran K. Khush, Calvin Strehl, Bitika Kohli

    There are few substantive methods to measure the health of the immune system, and the connection between immune strength and the viral component of the microbiome is poorly understood. Organ transplant recipients are treated with posttransplant therapies that combine immunosuppre

  • An Ecological Framework of the Human Virome Provides Classification of Current Knowledge and Identifies Areas of Forthcoming Discovery

    سند علمی۲۰۱۶The Yale journal of biology and medicineMichael T. Parker

    Recent advances in sequencing technologies have opened the door for the classification of the human virome. While taxonomic classification can be applied to the viruses identified in such studies, this gives no information as to the type of interaction the virus has with the host

  • Describing the silent human virome with an emphasis on giant viruses.

    سند علمی۲۰۱۳IntervirologyNikolay Popgeorgiev, Sarah Temmam, Didier Raoult, Christelle Desnues

    Viruses are the most abundant obligate intracellular entities in our body. Until recently, they were only considered to be pathogens that caused a broad array of pathologies, ranging from mild disease to deaths in the most severe cases. However, recent advances in unbiased mass s