Risk Assessment of the Introduction and Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses (H5-Subtypes) Via Migratory Birds in Iran

Serological Monitoring of Avian Influenza in Migratory Birds of Iran

  Although migratory waterfowl is well known to be a major reservoir for avian influenza virus (AIV), there are only few recently published reports about the seroprevalence of AIV in this group of birds. To investigate the AIV antibody status in migratory waterfowl of Iran, we collected 217 serum samples from 25 different species of waterfowl during 2003 and 2004. These serum samples were teste...

Novel Eurasian Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A H5 Viruses

High antiviral effects of hibiscus tea extract on the H5 subtypes of low and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses

Viral neuraminidase inhibitors are widely used as synthetic anti-influenza drugs for the prevention and treatment of influenza. However, drug-resistant influenza A virus variants, including H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs), have been reported. Therefore, the discovery of novel and effective antiviral agents is warranted. We screened the antiviral effects of 11 herbal tea ...

Risk Mapping of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Distribution and Spread

The rapid emergence and spread of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza begs effective and accurate mapping of current knowledge and future risk of infection. Methods for such mapping, however, are rudimentary, and few good examples exist for use as templates for risk-mapping efforts. We review the transmission cycle of avian influenza viruses, and identify points on which risk-mapping can foc...

Monitoring Emergent Avian Influenza Viruses Subtypes H5 and H7 in Wild Birds in Ukraine

Introduction To date, avian influenza virus (AIV) is an unpredictable pathogen affecting both animals, birds and people. The regular emergence of new strains and variants with different properties and pathogenicities requires additional monitoring and careful research of those viruses. It is known that wild birds— especially waterfowl and shorebirds— are the main and primary reservoir of AIV in...

Discrimination between Highly Pathogenic and Low Pathogenic H5 Avian Influenza A Viruses

700 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 12, No. 4, April 2006 9. Monath TP, Caldwell JR, Mundt W, Fusco J, Johnson CS, Buller M, et al. ACAM2000 clonal Vero cell culture vaccinia virus (New York City Board of Health strain): a second-generation smallpox vaccine for biological defense. Int J Infect Dis. 2004;8S2: S31–44. 10. Graham BS, Belshe RB, Clements ML, Dolin R, Corey L, ...