THE INCI DENC E OF PROS TATIC INTRAEPI THELIAL NEOPLASIA IN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA AND PROS TATIC C ARCINOMA

the inci denc e of pros tatic intraepi thelial neoplasia in prostatic hyperplasia and pros tatic c arcinoma

prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia (pin) is considered a precursor of invasive carcinoma, characterized by proliferation and anaplasia of cells lining prostatic ducts and acini. in this study, we applied the pin grading system on one-hundred cases of prostatic carcinoma and one-hundred cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, then compared the results. 74% of prostatic carcinoma and 51 % of pro...

(punch Operation) for Small Prostatic Bars and Contracture of the Pros- Tatic Orifice*

In 1836, Mercier first vigorously called attention to the occasional occurrence of obstructions at the prostatic orifice in cases other than prostatic hypertrophy, and gave them the name of valvules du col de la vessie. He described quite accurately the elevation of the median portion of the prostate in the form of a bar, which he said in some cases was due to muscular hypertrophy, and in other...

Compensatory Efforts; A Critique of the Pros and Cons

Compensatory efforts, positive discrimination or reverse discrimination are the terms which nowadays are used in applied ethics for a set of efforts and privileges which are scheduled for compensation of the historical oppressions and discriminations imposed upon some groups and classes in the society. The mentioned oppressions and discriminations may be applied deliberately or inadvertently or...

Pros & Cons

As scientists who are also clinicians, we should approach research work and clinical therapy with an objective attitude, bearing in mind that there are two sides to every theory. In particular, we hope the reader realizes the pros and cons of each situation. We already knew that the patients in the hospital might improve faster with more family contact, but family in the intensive care unit cou...

Pros and Cons of Neutering

Spaying (ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy) has been shown to reduce unwanted pregnancies, prevent pyometra and decrease the risk of mammary gland tumors in female dogs and cats. However, increased tendency to develop obesity may occur in either species. In dogs, an increased incidence of certain cancers, aggressiveness, sedentary behavior, and urinary incontinence may develop after spaying. Th...

The Pros and Cons of Globalization