PURPOSE By acutely enhancing the arterial leg inflow, intermittent pneumatic leg compression (IPC) improves the walking ability, arterial hemodynamics, and quality of life of claudicants. We quantified the duration of acute leg inflow enhancement with IPC of the foot (IPC(foot)), calf (IPC(calf)), or both (IPC(foot+calf)) and its amplitude decay in claudicants and controls in relation to the pu...

Intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (IPC) are highly responsive respiratory chemoreceptors that innervate the lungs of birds and diapsid reptiles. IPC are stimulated by low levels of lung Pco(2), inhibited by high levels of lung Pco(2), and their vagal afferents serve as a sensory limb for reflex adjustments of breathing depth and rate. Most IPC exhibit both phasic and tonic sensitivity to CO(2), and...

To elucidate the role of intracellular Na(+) kinetics in the mechanism for ischemic preconditioning (IPC), we measured intracellular Na(+) concentration ([Na(+)](i)) using (23)Na-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in isolated rat hearts. IPC significantly delayed the initial [Na(+)](i) increase (d[Na(+)](i)/dt) compared with non-IPC control, resulting in attenuation of Na(+) accumulation (Delta[Na...

AIMS The role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/NO signalling is well documented in late ischaemic preconditioning (IPC); however, the role of eNOS and its activation in early IPC remains controversial. This study investigates the role of eNOS in early IPC and the signalling pathways and molecular interactions that regulate eNOS activation during early IPC. METHODS AND RESULTS Rat h...

BACKGROUND Optimal thromboprophylaxis for patients at risk of bleeding remains uncertain. This meta-analysis assessed whether intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) of the lower limbs was effective in reducing venous thromboembolism and whether combining pharmacological thromboprophylaxis with IPC would enhance its effectiveness. METHODS AND RESULTS Two reviewers searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, a...

Background and Purpose—Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) induces endogenous neuroprotection from a subsequent ischemic injury. IPC involves down-regulation of metabolic pathways. As Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a critical sensor of energy balance and plays a major role in cellular metabolism, its role in IPC was investigated. Methods—A brief 3 minute middle cerebra...