When learning ultrasound (US) imaging, trainees must learn how to recognize structures, interpret textures and shapes, and simultaneously register the 2D ultrasound images to their 3D anatomical mental models. Alleviating the cognitive load imposed by these tasks should free the cognitive resources and thereby improve the learning process. We argue that the amount of cognitive load that is requ...

During the intraoperative-ultrasound-guided intervention, ultrasound (US) is often registered with other highquality preoperative images like computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) to improve the navigation accuracy. However, real-time registration is difficult to achieve due to the difference of image modality and dimensionality. To solve this problem, we apply preoperative 3D US ...

In this paper a study of 3D ultrasound cardiac segmentation using Active Shape Models (ASM) is presented. The proposed approach is based on a combination of a point distribution model constructed from a multitude of high resolution MRI scans and the appearance model obtained from simulated 3D ultrasound images. Usually the appearance model is learnt from a set of landmarked images. The signific...

AIM The study aimed to examine the position of three-dimensional (3D) neurosonography and the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasound-based neuronavigation in spinal cord tumour surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS During the period July, 2007- February 2011, 28 patients with spinal cord tumours were operated in our neurosurgical clinic. All patients underwent intraoperative 3D neurosonography by...

The occurrence of a fetal tumor is rare, 50% of all fetal tumors being sacrococcygeal teratomas. Prenatal diagnosis of this condition is important for the monitoring of the affected fetuses and for establishing the mode and time of delivery. We describe two cases of fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma diagnosed by 2D- and 3D-ultrasound. Three-dimensional ultrasound proved to be useful both in the dia...

X-linked hydrocephaly is a rare sex-linked genetic recessive condition occurring in 1/30,000 deliveries. Adduction of thumbs and mental retardation are additional associated clinical findings. We describe two cases of X-linked hydrocephaly with associated adducted thumbs that were diagnosed prenatally with the combined use of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound and fetal blood sampling for cytoge...

This paper describes a simulator of ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies for cancer diagnosis. When performing biopsy series, the clinician has to move the ultrasound probe and to mentally integrate the real-time bi-dimensional images into a three-dimensional (3D) representation of the anatomical environment. Such a 3D representation is necessary to sample regularly the prostate in order to maxi...

The size of the cerebellum in ultrasound volumes of the fetal brain has shown a high correlation with gestational age, which makes it a valuable feature to detect fetal growth restrictions. Manual annotation of the 3D surface of the cerebellum in an ultrasound volume is a time consuming task, which needs to be performed by a highly trained expert. In order to assist the experts in the evaluatio...

Our objective was to determine the accuracy of three dimensional (3D) ultrasonography in the differentiation of ovarian tumours. Women (n = 20) with ovarian tumours (13 benign and seven malignant) were first examined using two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonography and were then evaluated with three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography. All patients underwent surgery within 7 days of 2D and 3D ultrasonog...

The fusion of 3D freehand ultrasound with CT and CTA has benefits for a variety of clinical applications, however a lot of manual work is usually required for correct registration. We developed new methods that allow one to simulate medical ultrasound from CT in real-time, reproducing the majority of ultrasonic imaging effects. The second novelty is a robust similarity measure that assesses the...